Dej Soluble Fertilizer Ntau Lawm Kab

Taw qhia txog txheej txheem fermentation:
Biogas fermentation, tseem hu ua anaerobic digestion thiab anaerobic fermentation, hais txog cov organic teeb meem (xws li tib neeg, tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib quav, straw, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv tej yam dej noo, kub thiab anaerobic tej yam kev mob, los ntawm catabolism ntawm ntau yam kab mob, thiab Thaum kawg Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov nplaim hluav taws sib xyaw ntawm cov pa roj xws li methane thiab carbon dioxide.Lub biogas fermentation system yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm biogas fermentation, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab thaum kawg paub txog kev siv biogas, biogas slurry thiab biogas residue.

Biogas fermentation yog txheej txheem biochemical complex nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Muaj ntau ntau hom kab mob uas koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fermentation, thiab tsis muaj qhov ua ntej rau kev siv ib hom kab mob biogas, thiab inoculum yog xav tau rau fermentation thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom thiab kuaj.
(2) Cov khoom siv raw siv rau fermentation yog complex thiab los ntawm ntau qhov chaw.Ntau yam organic teeb meem lossis cov khoom sib tov tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv fermentation, thiab cov khoom kawg yog biogas.Tsis tas li ntawd, biogas fermentation tuaj yeem kho cov dej khib nyiab nrog COD cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 50,000 mg / L thiab cov khib nyiab organic nrog cov ntsiab lus siab.
Lub zog noj ntawm biogas microorganisms yog tsawg.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog xav tau rau kev zom zaub mov anaerobic nkaus xwb rau 1/30 ~ 1/20 ntawm aerobic decomposition.
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv biogas fermentation, uas txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv, tab sis txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv biogas ntev npaum li qhov tsim nyog.
Biogas fermentation yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas ntau yam khoom khib nyiab yog fermented los ntawm biogas microorganisms los tsim biogas.Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem:
Liquefaction theem
Txij li ntau yam khoom organic feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov kab mob thiab siv los ntawm cov kab mob, cov khoom organic yuav tsum tau hydrolyzed rau hauv Soluble monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol, thiab fatty acids nrog me me molecular luj.Cov tshuaj soluble no nrog qhov hnyav molecular me me tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb microbial thiab ntxiv rau decomposed thiab siv.
Acidogenic theem
Ntau yam soluble tshuaj (monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids) txuas ntxiv mus decompose thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom uas tsis muaj molecular nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cellulosic kab mob, protein kab mob, lipobacteria, thiab pectin kab mob intracellular enzymes, xws li butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, thiab cawv, ketones, aldehydes thiab lwm yam yooj yim organic tshuaj;Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li hydrogen, carbon dioxide thiab ammonia raug tso tawm.Tab sis nyob rau theem no, cov khoom tseem ceeb yog acetic acid, accounting rau ntau tshaj 70%, yog li nws yog hu ua acid tiam theem.Cov kab mob uas koom nrog rau theem no yog hu ua acidogens.
Methanogenic theem
Cov kab mob methanogenic decompose yooj yim cov organic teeb meem xws li acetic acid decomposed nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem mus rau methane thiab carbon dioxide, thiab carbon dioxide yog txo mus rau methane nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hydrogen.Cov theem no yog hu ua cov roj ntau lawm, lossis theem methanogenic.
Cov kab mob methanogenic yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ib puag ncig nrog oxidation-txo qhov muaj peev xwm qis dua -330mV, thiab biogas fermentation yuav tsum muaj ib puag ncig nruj anaerobic.
Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias los ntawm decomposition ntawm ntau yam complex organic teeb meem mus rau lub kawg tiam ntawm biogas, muaj tsib loj physiological pawg ntawm cov kab mob koom nrog, uas yog fermentative kab mob, hydrogen-tsim cov kab mob acetogenic, hydrogen-siv cov kab mob acetogenic, hydrogen noj. methanogens thiab acetic acid tsim cov kab mob.Methanogens.Tsib pawg kab mob ua rau cov khoom noj khoom haus.Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov metabolites, thawj peb pawg kab mob ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm hydrolysis thiab acidification ua ke, thiab ob pawg kab mob tom kawg ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm methane ntau lawm.
cov kab mob fermentative
Muaj ntau ntau yam organic teeb meem uas yuav siv tau rau biogas fermentation, xws li tsiaj txhu manure, qoob loo straw, zaub mov thiab dej cawv ua pov tseg, thiab lwm yam, thiab nws cov tshuaj tseem ceeb xws li polysaccharides (xws li cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, pectin, thiab lwm yam), lipid chav kawm thiab protein.Feem ntau ntawm cov organic complex yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab yuav tsum xub decomposed rau hauv soluble qab zib, amino acids thiab fatty acids los ntawm extracellular enzymes secreted los ntawm fermentative kab mob ua ntej lawv yuav absorbed thiab siv los ntawm cov kab mob.Tom qab cov kab mob fermentative nqus cov lus hais saum toj no soluble rau hauv lub hlwb, lawv hloov mus rau hauv acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid thiab cawv los ntawm fermentation, thiab qee qhov nyiaj ntawm hydrogen thiab carbon dioxide raug tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.Tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm acetic acid, propionic acid thiab butyric acid nyob rau hauv lub fermentation broth thaum biogas fermentation yog hu ua tag nrho cov volatile acid (TVA).Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ib txwm fermentation, acetic acid yog lub ntsiab acid nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov exerted acid.Thaum cov tshuaj protein decomposed, ntxiv rau cov khoom, kuj yuav muaj ammonia hydrogen sulfide.Muaj ntau hom kab mob fermentative koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem hydrolytic fermentation, thiab muaj ntau pua hom tsiaj, suav nrog Clostridium, Bacteroides, Butyric acid bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria thiab kauv kab mob.Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob no yog anaerobes, tab sis kuj yog facultative anaerobes.[1]
Methanogens
Thaum lub sij hawm biogas fermentation, methane tsim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb hu ua methanogens.Methanogens suav nrog hydromethanotrophs thiab acetomethanotrophs, uas yog pab pawg neeg kawg hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thaum lub sij hawm anaerobic digestion.Txawm hais tias lawv muaj ntau hom, lawv cov xwm txheej hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ua rau lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic, lawv hloov cov khoom kawg ntawm thawj peb pawg ntawm cov kab mob metabolism hauv cov khoom siv roj methane thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj lwm cov hydrogen txais, kom cov decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob yuav ua tiav tiav.

Plant nutrient solution process selection:
Kev tsim cov tshuaj cog qoob loo npaj siab siv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv biogas slurry thiab ntxiv cov ntxhia txaus kom ua tiav cov khoom tiav muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua.
Raws li lub ntuj macromolecular organic teeb meem, humic acid muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub cev thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev nqus, complexion thiab pauv.
Kev siv cov humic acid thiab biogas slurry rau kev kho chelation tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm biogas slurry, ntxiv cov kab chelation tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo zoo dua nqus cov kab.

Humic acid chelation txheej txheem qhia:
Chelation yog hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov hlau ions txuas nrog ob lossis ntau dua kev sib koom ua ke atoms (tsis yog hlau) hauv tib lub molecule los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke los tsim cov qauv heterocyclic (chelate nplhaib) uas muaj hlau ions.yam nyhuv.Nws zoo ib yam li cov nyhuv chelation ntawm crab claws, li no lub npe.Kev tsim ntawm lub nplhaib chelate ua rau cov chelate ruaj khov dua li cov uas tsis yog-chelate complex nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov qauv.Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm chelation yog hu ua chelation effect.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj uas ib pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub molecule lossis ob lub molecules thiab cov hlau ion tsim ib lub nplhaib qauv los ntawm kev sib koom tes yog hu ua chelation, tseem hu ua chelation lossis cyclization.Ntawm cov hlau inorganic noj los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tsuas yog 2-10% yog absorbed tiag tiag.Thaum cov zaub mov raug hloov mus rau hauv cov ntawv digestible, cov amino acids feem ntau yog ntxiv los ua nws "chelate" compound .Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Chelation txhais tau tias ua cov khoom ntxhia hauv cov ntawv digestible.Cov khoom ntxhia ib txwm muaj, xws li pob txha noj mov, dolomite, thiab lwm yam, yuav luag tsis tau "chelated".Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub digestive txheej txheem, nws yuav tsum xub mus rau "chelation" kev kho mob.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov zaub mov rau hauv "chelate" cov tebchaw (chelate) cov tebchaw hauv tib neeg lub cev feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm zoo.Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj minerals yuav luag tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.Los ntawm qhov no peb paub tias cov tshuaj noj los ntawm tib neeg lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv cov teebmeem.Feem ntau ntawm tib neeg lub cev tsis tuaj yeem zom thiab nqus tau cov zaub mov zoo.Ntawm cov inorganic hlau koom nrog, tsuas yog 2% -10% yog digested, thiab 50% yuav raug tso tawm, yog li tib neeg lub cev twb "chelated" hlau."Kev zom thiab nqus ntawm cov zaub mov kho yog 3-10 npaug siab dua li cov zaub mov tsis kho.Txawm tias koj siv nyiaj me ntsis ntxiv, nws tsim nyog.
Tam sim no feem ntau siv nruab nrab thiab kab kawm chiv feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem nqus thiab siv los ntawm cov qoob loo vim tias cov kab tsis muaj kab mob tau yooj yim kho los ntawm cov av hauv av.Feem ntau, kev siv cov khoom siv chelated kab nyob rau hauv cov av yog siab dua li cov inorganic kab kawm.Tus nqi ntawm chelated kab kawm kuj siab dua li ntawm inorganic kab keeb chiv.